Low Sperm Count

About Low Sperm Count

Low sperm count, medically known as oligospermia, refers to a condition where the semen ejaculated during orgasm contains fewer sperm cells than normal. It's a common issue among men and can contribute to difficulties in conceiving a child. Typically, a healthy sperm count ranges from 15 million to more than 200 million sperm per milliliter of semen.

Oligospermia

Oligospermia is a medical condition characterized by a low sperm count in the semen. In the context of male fertility, it refers to the presence of fewer sperm cells than normal, which can potentially reduce the chances of conception. Here’s a breakdown.

Medical Conditions:

  • Varicocele: Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum.
  • Infections: Such as sexually transmitted infections or urinary tract infections.
  • Hormonal Imbalances: Problems with hormone production can affect sperm production.
  • Undescended Testicles: Testicles that haven’t descended properly can affect sperm production.
  • Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions can affect sperm production or function.
  • Trauma or Injury: Damage to the testicles or reproductive organs.
  • Radiation or Chemotherapy: Cancer treatments can impact sperm production.
  • Environmental Factors: Exposure to toxins, chemicals, or excessive heat.

Azoospermia

Azoospermia is a condition characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. It is a form of male infertility and can be classified into two main types:

  1. Obstructive Azoospermia: In this type, there is a physical obstruction that prevents sperm from reaching the semen. This obstruction can occur anywhere along the male reproductive tract, such as the epididymis, vas deferens, or ejaculatory ducts. Causes may include congenital abnormalities, infections, previous surgeries (such as vasectomy), or inflammation.

  2. Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: This type occurs when the testicles produce little to no sperm. Unlike obstructive azoospermia, there are no physical blockages present. Instead, it is often due to issues with sperm production or maturation within the testes. Causes may include hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, testicular injury, or certain medical treatments like chemotherapy.

Diagnosis and Treatment:
  • Diagnosis: Azoospermia is typically diagnosed through semen analysis, where the absence of sperm is confirmed. Further testing, such as hormonal assessments, genetic testing, and imaging studies, may be performed to identify the underlying cause.

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